![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Impacto de las energías renovables en los sistemas de generación distribuida
157
PAIDEIA XXI
garantizar la conabilidad del SEIN a
n de evitar los costos resultantes de
una planicación inadecuada.
Es importante tener en cuenta que
en la generación eléctrica convencio-
nal, las plantas se localizan lejos de
los centros de consumo, por lo que
existen de un 4% a un 19% de pér-
didas de transmisión, distribución y
robo, dependiendo de la tensión de la
red y de la región tarifaria del país.
Se ha logrado determinar que con
la Cogeneración, estas pérdidas dis-
minuyen o se eliminan, por estar lo-
calizadas en los centros de consumo.
La Cogeneración, al consumir menos
combustible, reduce las emisiones
contaminantes. La reducción depende
de la tecnología, el factor de planta y el
tipo y calidad del combustible.
De esta manera, al tener mayor e-
ciencia de conversión y reducir el con-
sumo de energía primaria, los costos
de energía eléctrica de las plantas de
Cogeneración son menores que las ta-
rifas de la red de servicio público.
Consideramos que esto puede ser
aplicable a la mayoría de los sectores
industriales, la agroindustria y en el
sector servicios, como hoteles, hospi-
tales, centros comerciales, centros de-
portivos y escuelas.
Por consiguiente, se determinó que
se logra reducir costos incrementando
la competitividad, además de reducir
el riesgo de cortes del servicio eléctrico
por contar con la planta de Cogene-
ración y el respaldo de la red pública.
La Cogeneración se instala en los
centros de carga. Esto implica una
descentralización de la generación de
la energía, lo que permite desarrollos
regionales y la creación de empleos.
Un proyecto de cogeneración involu-
cra y brinda benecios a alrededor de
30 empresas relacionadas al mante-
nimiento y suministro de materiales
para mantener y asegurar una óptima
operación de la instalación.
Este aspecto es fundamental, con
base en las nuevas normativas que se
han dictado, nuevas tecnologías que
aparecen desde protocolos de comu-
nicación hasta equipos para teleco-
mando y supervisión de los distintos
componentes de la red, nuevas protec-
ciones, nuevos medidores, nuevos sis-
temas de gestión de la demanda, etc.
lo que hace que los profesionales de la
actividad nos veamos obligados a una
actualización permanente para poder
hacer frente a los nuevos desafíos que
llevarán aparejadas las futuras Smart
Grids y la Generación Distribuida (GD).
Para lograr la ejecución de estos
proyectos, se debe contemplar la me-
nor interferencia política, con el n de
evitar desequilibrios innecesarios en
el sistema o en los diferentes agentes
que participan del sistema. No menos
importante es la necesidad de tomar
acciones concretas e inmediatas para
atraer y acelerar las inversiones, pues
existen los recursos y capacidades ne-
cesarias para llevar a cabo dichos pro-
yectos. Asimismo, se deben elevar los
estándares de gobierno corporativo de
las entidades estatales que participan
del SEIN, así como las eciencias tan-
to operativas como comerciales que
son ampliamente superiores por las
empresas privadas.