![](data:image/png;base64,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)
César González Linares / Rubén Esaú Mogrovejo Gutiérrez / Gisel Veliz Francia
160
PAIDEIA XXI
INTRODUCCIÓN
El deslizamiento denominado “De-
rrumbe 5” en la ladera derecha del río
Mantaro es un activo masivo que re-
gistra velocidades deslizantes medias
de 20 mm/año, cuya peligrosidad ra-
dica en su ubicación inmediatamente
aguas arriba del estribo derecho de la
presa Tablachaca. Este fenómeno geo-
dinámico se desarrolla entre las cotas
2640 y 3300 msnm, entre el cauce del
río Mantaro y el parteaguas del lo de
la cuenca, comprometiendo una fran-
ja de ladera de unos 800 m de ancho
en dirección noroeste y, en la parte
central, una franja de una longitud de
600 m en dirección NE-SO.
El basamento rocoso que limita la
zona en estudio, está conformado por
rocas metamórcas del grupo Excel-
sior y rocas meta sedimentarias del
grupo Ambo, de edad Paleozoica. Esta
litología está cubierta localmente por
depósitos crecientes del Cuaternario.
En la parte superior y lado oeste,
está limitado por rocas sedimenta-
rias del Grupo Ambo (Ci-a) con meta-
grauwacas1, metareniscas y litas.
Por el Este, está limitado por rocas
del Grupo Excelsior, con unidades in-
tercaladas de esquistos, cuarcitas y
pizarras negruzcas, discordantes en la
cota 3 075 msnm, con rocas del Grupo
Ambo.
Por el Oeste, la falla Oeste y, por
el Este, la falla Central, completan el
patrón estructural.
Entre el pie del deslizamiento so-
bre los 3 100 msnm y la parte central,
hasta aproximadamente la cota 2 925
msnm, está conformada por un depó-
sito coluvial (Q-c) con potencia varia-
ble. Por debajo de esta cota, hasta el
contrafuerte, se encuentra el paleode-
rrumbe (Qp-pd), con paquetes de ro-
cas metamórcas del Grupo Excelsior,
que está cubierto parcialmente por de-
pósito coluvial.
OBJETIVOS
• Plantear un modelo numérico hi-
drogeológico de aplicación al “De-
rrumbe 5” del embalse Tablachaca,
mediante elementos nitos.
• Identicar las fronteras del evento
de la modelación, los mecanismos
de recarga y descarga, así como el
campo de la red de vectores de ujo
dentro de las masas geológicas in-
terpretadas (delimitación del volu-
men de control y parámetros).
• Comparación de la modelización con-
ceptual y la simulación numérica.
MODELO CONCEPTUAL
HIDROGEOLÓGICO
La formulación del modelo concep-
tual, se deriva:
• Del análisis y discretización de
los datos de investigación directa
(sondeos diamantinos, calicatas y
otros).
• La investigación geofísica.
• El monitoreo de la supercie de
agua y nivel freático
• Análisis de registros históricos de
74 piezómetros.
Los resultados permitieron esta-
blecer las supercies de los estratos