ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓN
REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA HUMANA 2021 - Universidad Ricardo Palma
1Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Perú.
Tabla 1. Proceso de selección de los términos para la búsqueda sistemática PUBMED.
DeCS | MeSH | MeSH + Entry terms | ||
P | Participantes | Pacientes | “patient” [Mesh] | Patients[tiab] OR patient[tiab] OR Clients[tiab] OR Client[tiab] |
E | Exposición | Factor de riesgo | “risk factors” [Mesh] | Risk factors[tiab] OR Factor, Risk[tiab] OR Factors, Risk[tiab] OR Risk Factor[tiab] OR Population at Risk[tiab] Pr Risk, Population at[tiab] Or Populations at Risk[tiab] OR Risk, Populations at[tiab] |
O | Outcome | Esófago de Barret | “Barrett Esophagus” [Mesh] |
(Barret Metaplasia[tiab] OR Barrett Metaplasias[tiab] OR Metaplasia, Barrett[tiab] OR Metaplasias, Barrett[tiab] OR Barrett’s Syndrome[tiab] OR barrett Syndrome[tiab] OR Barrett Syndrome[tiab] OR Barrett’s Esophagus[tiab] OR barrett Esophagus[tiab] OR Esophagus, Barrett’s[tiab] OR Esophagus, Barrett[tiab] OR Esophagus, Barrett[tiab] OR Barrett Epithelium[tiab] OR Epithelium, Barrett)) |
Figura 1. Proceso de selección de artículos de investigación y teórico-conceptuales para el articulo de revisión en PUBMED
Tabla 2. Factores de riesgo para Esófago de Barret en pacientes hospitalizados de estudios observacionales de cohorte y casos y controles.
FACTOR DE RIESGO MEDIDO | AUTOR | TIPO DE ESTUDIO | ARTICULO | POBLACION | VALOR DE MEDIDA | IC 95% | P |
Caracteristicas demograficas y rasgos del paciente (Edad, Sexo,etnia,IMC) | |||||||
Sexo masculino | Yousaf Bashir Hadi(4) | Casos y controles | Independent association of obstructive sleep apnea with Barrett’s esophagus |
1091 | OR:1.71 | 1.13–2.59 | <0.01 |
Sexo masculino | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:2.61 | 2.44 - 2.79 | |
Sexo masculino | Yan-Hua Chen(6) | Estudio de cohorte | Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan | 3385 | OR:2.106 | 1.145-3.872 | 0.017 |
Sexo masculino | A. Sonnenberg(7) | Casos y control | The influence of Helicobacter pylori on the ethnic distribution of Barrett’s metaplasia |
596 479 | OR: 3.34 | 3.28–3.40 | <0.0001 |
Sexo masculino | Theresa H. Nguyen(8) | Casos y control | Risk Factors for Barrett’s Esophagus Compared Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites | 1952 | OR:3.35 | 1.51–7.43 | 0.003 |
Sexo masculino | K. Keyashian(9) | Casos y control | Barrett’s esophagus in Latinos undergoing endoscopy for gastresophageal reflux disease symptoms |
663 | OR:2.34 | 1.35–4.05 | 0.002 |
Sexo femenino | Matheus Degiovani(10) | Casos y control | Is there a relation between helybacter pylori and intestinal metaplasia in short column epitelization up to 10 mm in the distal esophagus? |
373 | OR:1.76 | 1.13 - 2.76 | 0.013 |
Edad incrementada | Yousaf Bashir Hadi(4) | Casos y controles | Independent association of obstructive sleep apnea with Barrett’s esophagus |
1091 | OR:1.04 | 1.02–1.06 | <0.01 |
Edad incrementada | Atsuhiro Masuda(11) | Estudio de cohorte | Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus | 8031 | OR:1.42 | 1.23–1.64 | <0.0001 |
Edad incrementada | Matheus Degiovani(10) | Casos y control | IS THERE A RELATION BETWEEN HELYBACTER PYLORI AND INTESTINAL METAPLASIA IN SHORT COLUMN EPITELIZATION UP TO 10 MM IN THE DISTAL ESOPHAGUS? |
373 | OR:1.017 | 1.001 -1.033 | 0.031 |
Edad incrementada | Yan-Hua Chen(6) | Estudio de cohorte? | Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan | 3385 | OR:1.033 | 1.012-1.055 | 0.002 |
Edad incrementada | Rena Yadlapati(12) | Estudio de cohorte | Reduced Esophageal Contractility Is Associated with Dysplasia Progression in Barrett’s Esophagus: A Multicenter Cohort Study | 193 | OR:1.08 | 1.01-1.16 | 0.03 |
Edad incrementada | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y tabaco no fumable vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:1.06 | 1.05-1.08 | <.001 |
Edad incrementada | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y cigarro vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:1.06 | 1.05-1.08 | <.001 |
Edad incrementada | A. Sonnenberg(7) | Casos y control | The influence of Helicobacter pylori on the ethnic distribution of Barrett’s metaplasia |
596 479 | OR: 18.29 | 17.39–19.24 | <0.0001 |
Edad incrementada | K. Keyashian(9) | Casos y control | Barrett’s esophagus in Latinos undergoing endoscopy for gastresophageal reflux disease symptoms |
663 | OR:2.17 | 1.25–3.76 | 0.006 |
Edad incrementada | Gloria Vargas Cárdenas(14) | Casos y control | Esófago de Barrett: Prevalencia y Factores de Riesgo en el Hospital Nacional “Arzobispo Loayza” Lima-Perú |
11,970 | OR: 2.57 | 1.41-4.69 | 0.001 |
Edad de 40 a 49 años | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:1.32 | 1.18 - 1.47 | |
Edad de 50 a 59 años | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:1.54 | 1.39 - 1.71 | |
Edad de 60 a 69 años | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms | 4122 | OR:1.68 | 1.51 - 1.87 | |
Edad >=70 años | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms | 4122 | OR:1.42 | 1.25 - 1.61 | |
IMC mayor de 25 | Hirohiko Shinkai(15) | Casos y control | Association between the Body Mass Index and the Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in Japan |
113 | OR: 3.45 | 1.30–9.13 | <0.01 |
Noreuropeo | A. Sonnenberg(7) | Casos y control | The influence of Helicobacter pylori on the ethnic distribution of Barrett’s metaplasia | 596 479 | OR: 1.14 | 1.03–1.26 | 0.0117 |
Presentación y datos clínicos (antecedentes medicos) | |||||||
Sindrome metabolico | Shou-Wu Lee(16) | Casos y control | Association of metabolic syndrome with erosive esophagitis and Barrett’s esophagus in a Chinese population | 7712 | OR:2.82 | 2.05-3.88 | <0.001 |
Sindrome metabolico | Cadman L. Leggett(17) | Casos y controles EB VS con ERGE |
Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Barrett Esophagus: A Population-Based Case-Control Study |
309 | OR:2 | 1.1-3.6 | 0.02 |
Sindrome metabolico | Cadman L. Leggett(17) | Casos y controles EB vs sin ERGE |
Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Barrett Esophagus: A Population-Based Case-Control Study |
309 | OR:1.9 | 1.03-3.6 | 0.04 |
Obesidad central | Chih-Cheng Chen(18) | Casos y control | Central Obesity and H. pylori Infection Influence Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in an Asian Population | 161 | OR:2.79 | 1.89–4.12 | <0.001 |
Diabetes | K. Keyashian(9) | Casos y control | Barrett’s esophagus in Latinos undergoing endoscopy for gastresophageal reflux disease symptoms | 663 | OR:2.23 | 1.10–4.53 | 0.03 |
Hernia hiatal | Camille Bazin(19) | Casos y control | Esophageal Motor Disorders Are a Strong and Independant Associated Factor of Barrett’s Esophagus | 201 | OR:5.60 | 2.45-12.76 | < 0.001 |
Hernia hiatal | Atsuhiro Masuda(11) | Estudio de cohorte | Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus | 8031 | OR:3.37 | 2.50–4.59 | <0.0001 |
Hernia hiatal | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:1.60 | 1.50 - 1.70 | |
Hernia hiatal | Yan-Hua Chen(6) | Estudio de cohorte? | Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan | 3385 | OR:3.037 | 1.765-5.225 | < 0.001 |
Hernia hiatal | Praveen Mathew(20) | Casos y control | Risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Indian patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
278 | OR:3.14 | 1.2–8.17 | 0.01 |
Hernia hiatal menos de 3cm | Theresa H. Nguyen(8) | Casos y control | Risk Factors for Barrett’s Esophagus Compared Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites |
1952 | OR:2.79 | 1.85–4.19 | <0.001 |
Hernia hiatal mayor o igual a 3cm | Theresa H. Nguyen(8) | Casos y control | Risk Factors for Barrett’s Esophagus Compared Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites |
1952 | OR:5.08 | 3.35–7.69 | <0.001 |
Hernia hiatal | Hirohiko Shinkai(15) | Casos y control | Association between the Body Mass Index and the Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in Japan |
113 | OR:18.3 | 7.21–46.5 | <0.01 |
Gatritis activa(antro) | Theresa H. Nguyen(8) | Casos y control | Risk Factors for Barrett’s Esophagus Compared Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites |
1952 | OR:1.73 | 1.10–2.73 | 0.02 |
Uso de bomba de inhibidor de protones | Theresa H. Nguyen(8) | Casos y control | Risk Factors for Barrett’s Esophagus Compared Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites |
1952 | OR:1.88 | 1.40–2.52 | <0.001 |
Uso de bomba de inhibidor de protones | Hirohiko Shinkai(15) | Casos y control | Association between the Body Mass Index and the Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in Japan |
113 | OR:8.28 | 2.96–123.1 | 0.01 |
Presencia de eructos | Praveen Mathew(20) | Casos y control | Risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Indian patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease |
278 | OR:2.28 | 1.11–4.66 | 0.02 |
Desorden motor de esófago | Camille Bazin(19) | Casos y control | Esophageal Motor Disorders Are a Strong and Independant Associated Factor of Barrett’s Esophagus | 201 | OR:4.49 | 1.85-10.93 | <0.001 |
RGE | Yousaf Bashir Hadi(4) | Casos y control | Independent association of obstructive sleep apnea with Barrett’s esophagus |
1091 | OR:2.23 | 1.45–3.49 | 0.01 |
RGE | Cadman L. Leggett(21) | Casos y control | Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Barrett’s Esophagus | 7482 | OR:3.4 | 1.9–6.0 | <.0001 |
RGE | Jiro Watari(22) | Casos y control (Casos vs no PPI) | Association between obesity and Barrett’s esophagus in a Japanese population: a hospital-based, cross-sectional study |
1581 | OR:3.48 | 1.89–6.41 | <0.0001 |
RGE | Jiro Watari(22) | Casos y control (Casos vs PPI) | Association between obesity and Barrett’s esophagus in a Japanese population: a hospital-based, cross-sectional study |
1581 | OR:5.67 | 2.17–14.86 | 0.0004 |
Edad de presentación de síntoma de RGE menor de 30 años | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:2.93 | 1.67-5.15 | |
Edad de presentación de síntoma de RGE menor de 30 años | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Pacientes con RGE) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
316 | OR:1.93 | 1.15-3.22 | |
Síntomas nocturnos de RGE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:5.40 | 3.81-7.72 | |
Sensación de atoramiento | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:3.00 | 2.13-4.24 | |
Historia familiar de RGE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:2.55 | 1.80-3.62 | |
Historia familiar de BE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:10.08 | 2.83-35.84 | |
Historia familiar de BE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Pacientes con RGE) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
316 | OR:3.64 | 1.50-8.83 | |
1-2 consultas al año por RGE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:7.13 | 4.71-10.81 | |
Más de 3 consultas al año por RGE | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:5.12 | 2.96-8.83 | |
3-5 consultas al año por cualquier razón | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:2.06 | 1.40-3.03 | |
6-10 consultas al año por cualquier razón | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:2.69 | 1.65-4.37 | |
Más de 10 consultas al año por cualquier razón | Omar Bakr(23) | Casos y controles (Casos vs Población) | Gastroesophageal Reflux Frequency, Severity, Age of Onset, Family History and Acid Suppressive Therapy Predict Barrett’s Esophagus in a Large Population |
317 | OR:2.25 | 1.33-3.83 | |
ADN de virus de papiloma humano | M. YW Wong(24) | Casos y control | Human papillomavirus exposure and sexual behavior are significant risk factors for Barrett’s dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma | 133 | OR:8.2 | 2.8–23.8 | 0.0001 |
Apnea obstructiva del sueño | Yousaf Bashir Hadi(4) | Casos y control | Independent association of obstructive sleep apnea with Barrett’s esophagus |
1091 | OR:3.26 | 1.72–6.85 | <0.01 |
Apnea obstructiva del sueño | Cadman L. Leggett(21) | Casos y control | Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Barrett’s Esophagus | 7482 | OR:1.8 | 1.1–3.2 | 0.03 |
Esofagitis erosiva | Atsuhiro Masuda(11) | Estudio de cohorte | Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus | 8031 | OR:2.82 | 2.04–3.85 | <0.0001 |
Esofagitis erosiva | Hirohiko Shinkai(15) | Casos y control | Association between the Body Mass Index and the Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in Japan |
113 | 15.3 | 3.49–66.8 | 0.01 |
Esofagitis | Gloria Vargas Cárdenas(14) | Casos y control | Esófago de Barrett: Prevalencia y Factores de Riesgo en el Hospital Nacional “Arzobispo Loayza” Lima-Perú |
11,970 | 14.81 | 3.96- 55.41 | 0.001 |
Grado B de esofagitis (LA) | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:2.19 | 1.72 - 2.78 | |
Grado C/D de esofagitis (LA) | Emery C Lin(5) | Estudio de cohorte | Low Prevalence of Suspected Barrett’s Esophagus in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Without Alarm Symptoms |
4122 | OR:3.50 | 2.59 - 4.73 | |
Nacimiento prematuro | Seiji Shiota(25) | Estudio de cohorte | Premature Birth and Large for Gestational Age Are Associated with Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus in Adults |
1679 | OR:4.08 | 1.38 – 12.05 | |
Estilos de vida (relaciones sexuales, consumo de alimentos y bebidas, Tabaco, alcohol) | |||||||
Persona en una relación sexual | M. YW Wong(24) | Casos y control | Human papillomavirus exposure and sexual behavior are significant risk factors for Barrett’s dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma |
133 | OR:11.4 | 1.4–93.9 | 0.02 |
Más de 6 parejas sexuales orales | M. YW Wong(24) | Casos y control | Human papillomavirus exposure and sexual behavior are significant risk factors for Barrett’s dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma | 133 | OR:4.0 | 1.2–13.7 | 0.046 |
Consumo de alcohol | Atsuhiro Masuda(11) | Estudio de cohorte | Influence of hiatal hernia and male sex on the relationship between alcohol intake and occurrence of Barrett’s esophagus | 8031 | OR:1.92 | 1.41–2.61 | <0.0001 |
Consumo de te caliente | Yan-Hua Chen(6) | Estudio de cohorte | Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan | 3385 | OR:1.695 | 1.043-2.754 | 0.033 |
Consume siempre cigarrillo | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y tabaco no fumable vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:1.43 | 1.06-1.88 | 0.02 |
Consume siempre cigarrillo y tabaco no fumable | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y tabaco no fumable vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:2.53 | 1.22-5.22 | 0.01 |
Consume siempre cigarrillo | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y cigarro vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:1.43 | 1.07-1.91 | 0.02 |
Consume siempre cigarrillo y cigarro | Wytske M. Westra(13) | Casos y controles (Usuarios de cigarrillo y cigarro vs No usuarios) | Smokeless Tobacco and Cigar and/or Pipe Are Risk Factors for Barrett Esophagus in Male Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 1015 | OR:1.90 | 1.03-3.58 | 0.04 |
Consumo de alimentos grasos | Gloria Vargas Cárdenas(14) | Casos y control | Esófago de Barrett: Prevalencia y Factores de Riesgo en el Hospital Nacional “Arzobispo Loayza” Lima-Perú |
11,970 | OR:8.67 | 2.28-32.99 | 0.001 |
Contribuciones de Autoría: Los autores participaron en la génesis de la idea, diseño del proyecto, desarrollo, recolección e interpretación de data, análisis de resultados y preparación de manuscrito.
Financiamiento: Autofinanciado.
Conflictos de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interés.
Recibido: 01 de Octubre de 2020
Aprobado: 04 de Diciembre de 2020
Correspondencia: Gerard Gomez.
Dirección: Av. Benavides 5440, Santiago de Surco, Lima-Perú.
Teléfono: +51 952 831 740
Correo: gerardgomez321@gmail.com