Use of inhaled corticoids as a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Uso de corticoides inhalados como factor de riesgo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Abstract

Objective: To determine if the use of inhaled corticosteroids is a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the Víctor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital during the period 2017-2020. Methods: The study was analytical, observational, retrospective of cases and unmatched controls in a ratio of 4:1 with a population of 405 subjects from whom 81 cases and 324 controls were selected, who met the selection criteria. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out. The variables, use of inhaled corticosteroids, patients with community-acquired pneumonia, age, sex, malnutrition and smoking were included. The association measure was made using Pearson's non-parametric Chi Square test. The bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression with statistical significance (p value <0.05). The study statistician was the Odds ratio (OR). Results: Through the multivariate analysis of the variables under study, no relationship was found between the use of inhaled corticosteroids and patients with community-acquired pneumonia (OR= 1.17; 95%CI: 0.48-2.99 and p value=0.737). It was observed that only age can be considered as a risk factor in view of its significance (OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.06-1.12 and p value<0.001), while the variables sex, malnutrition, and smoking proved not to be significant ( p> 0.05). Conclusions: The use of inhaled corticosteroids is not a risk factor for community-acquired pneumonia in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), corticosteroids, pneumonia. (source: MeSH NLM)