La relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental durante la pandemia de la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59885/cienciaypsique.2023.v2n3.02Palabras clave:
soporte social, salud mental, adultos, COVID-19, revisión sistemáticaResumen
La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha afectado la salud mental de la población a nivel mundial. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar las características metodológicas de la relación entre el soporte social y la salud mental, realizando un análisis de la evidencia empírica en investigaciones de adultos durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. El diseño utilizado es una revisión sistemática y se emplearon las bases de datos electrónicas Scopus y Web of Science con artículos publicados desde el año 2020. Se incluyeron diez investigaciones que reportaban la asociación entre el soporte social y la salud mental en adultos de cuatro continentes. Todas las investigaciones usaron un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico y ocho estudios utilizaron el modelo teórico de Zimet et al. (1988) para la evaluación del soporte social. Además, se apreció variabilidad en el uso de instrumentos para la medición de la salud mental y el soporte social. Asimismo, nueve investigaciones reportaron evidencias de confiabilidad de los instrumentos y ninguno de validez. Se concluye que bajos niveles de soporte social se asocian de forma significativa con una mayor sintomatología de depresión y ansiedad durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se recomienda diseñar programas de intervención basados en el soporte social para reducir el impacto negativo en la salud mental de la población.
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